While international trade has created opportunities and lifted incomes in many instances, it has caused disruptions to labour markets and encouraged the lowering of labour standards in others. Poverty wages, forced and child labour and other longstanding labour challenges persist in global value chains, even as new risks emerge from geopolitical, digital and green transitions. In the context of a fast-moving regulatory landscape, this piece takes stock of various trade policy tools being used to tackle labour and human rights challenges in supply chains.

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